Order of the Red Eagle, Type IV, Civil Division, I Class Cross (with crown and scepter)
CATEGORY: Version
SKU: 01.PRU.0106.101.01.004
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The Order of the Red Eagle was originally founded by Margrave Georg Wilhelm of Brandenburg-Bayreuth as the Ordre de la Sincerité. The order quickly fell into disuse but was revived in Brandenburg-Bayreuth in 1712. It was revived again in 1734 in Brandenburg-Ansbach and renamed the Order of the Brandenburg Red Eagle.
In 1777, the Order name was changed to the Order of the Red Eagle.
From 1777 to 1792, the order only had one grade with a maximum of 50 members. The list provided to the king in 1792 claimed four princes, twelve knights in the chapter, as well as 32 knights and noble knights, totalling 40 members.
The Kingdom of Prussia absorbed the principalities of Brandenburg-Bayreuth and Brandenburg-Ansbach in 1791, and in 1792, King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia redesigned the order as a Prussian Royal Order.
The Order of the Red Eagle was the second most prestigious order in the Kingdom of Prussia, after the High Order of the Black Eagle. The Order of the Red Eagle was a prerequisite to the Order of the Black Eagle. In 1792, it was determined that Knights of the Order of the Black Eagle would wear the Red Eagle neck decoration.
The shape of the cross on the star was changed in 1792, along with the ribbon - two white edges were added to the two orange stripes. At this time, all living Knights were to exchange their medals for the new style.
In 1810, King Friedrich Wilhelm III made changes to all Prussian orders. The Order of the Red Eagle was expanded into three classes, I Class Cross with I Class Breast Star, II Class Cross, and III Class Cross. At this time, the II Class and III Class were the same size; in 1817, the III Class was made smaller. A gold and silver medal were also associated. From 1810 onward, the order grades could be awarded with diamonds.
In 1811, surmounting oak leaves could be added to the I Class Cross and II Class Cross. The oak leaves were an indicator that the recipient had already been awarded a lower order grade. For instance, recipients of the II Class Cross who had already received a III Class Cross were conferred the II Class Cross with Oak Leaves. The same rule applied to I Class Cross recipients who had already received the II Class Cross or III Class Cross.
In 1830, the II Class Breast Star and the IV Class Cross were added to the order. In 1832, the bow to the III Class was created to signify the recipient had previously been awarded the IV Class.
In 1833, the General Service Cross was promoted into the order as the IV Class.
In 1842, the Medal of Merit was added to the order.
In 1848, swords were created for the order, and awarded for merit during war. If a recipient was promoted to a higher grade, but had previously received swords to their lower grade, the swords would be added to the ring of the higher grade. The swords could also be added to the star above the centre medallion.
In 1850, crowns and scepters were awarded to a few recipients who aided in the suppression of the 1848/1849 revolutions. Non-Christian awards were introduced in 1851, as well as a special jubilee number to be worn on either the oak leaves or the bow, as a plaque on the decoration itself, for 50 years of service.
From 1851 onward, the jubilee number "50", "60", or "70" could be added to the order grades to recognise years of service by state employees.
The order statutes were amended again in 1861, resulting in the addition of the Grand Cross with Grand Cross Breast Star.
Throughout the latter half of the 19th century, there were many examples of the Order of the Red Eagle being worn on ribbons of different orders when a recipient had received multiple awards.
The motto of the order, SINCERE ET CONSTANTER, translates to “sincere and unwavering”.
Type IV (1830-1854) decorations present the Hohenzollern coat of arms on the eagles, and the decorations have an overall more pleasing appearance. The II Class star was introduced and could be awarded with the II Class Cross.
In 1846, the IV Class decoration was redesigned and featured a painted centre medallion. The design of the eagle was updated for all classes. In 1854, the purple colouring of the eagle was replaced with scarlet colouring.
Between 1830 and 1845, a total of 276 I Class sets (including 26 with diamonds), 681 II Class (including 359 with Breast Star, of which 21 came with diamonds and 8 with Breast Star and diamonds), and 2,089 III Class Crosses were awarded.
Between 1847 and 1854, 197 I Class sets were awarded, which included four with crowns and scepter, 15 with diamonds, three with enamel ribbon, eleven with swords, and three with the swords on ring. A total of 578 II Class were awarded, including two with crowns and scepter, 32 with swords, eleven with swords on ring, and 234 with Breast Star (of which ten had diamonds and three had the Breast Star with diamonds). The III Class was awarded 1,611 times, including 49 with swords and 15 with swords on ring.
The Type IV I Class Cross with Diamonds was awarded to Ompteda, Hanoverian Minster of State, and Prince Drucki-Lueck, Polish Minister in 1830; Du Bos Baron du This, Grand Ducal Hessian in 1833; Rüdiger, Imperial Rullian General of Cavalry in 1835; Mensdorff-Pouilly, Imperial Austrian Field Marshal, von Böhm, Imperial Austrian General in 1837; Count Münich-Bellinghausen, Imperial Austrian Chish Minister, von Zeschau, Royal Saxon Minister, Count von Seinsheim, Royal Bavarian Minister of State in 1841; von Kleinmichel, Imperial Russian General of the Infantry 1842; von Adlerberg, Imperial Russian General of the Infantry, von Meyendorff, Russian Envoy to Berlin, Halskettin, Hannoverscher Lieutenant General in 1843; Graf Leiningen-Westerburg, Imperial Austrian Chish Field Marshal Lieutenant in 1844.
The Type IV I Class Cross with Oak Leaves and Diamonds was awarded to von Schöler, General of Infantry in 1837; von Ladenburg, former Prussian Minister of State in 1839; von Rochow, Prussian Minister of State in 1840; von Merkel, Privy Council in 1841; von Basswitz, Privy Council, von Rüchel-Kleist, Lieutenant General, Governor from Danzig, von Colomb, Lieutenant General, von Pfuel, General of Infantry in 1842; von Humbolt, Privy Council, von Thiele, General of the Infantry, von Wegnern, Chancellor of the King of Prussia, Evlert, first evangelical bishop in 1844.
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