Finland


The Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway, Sweden and Russia. The capital and largest city is Helsinki. Finland's population is 5.5 million, and the majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. The Official languages are Finnish, Swedish and Sami. It is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in Helsinki.

Finland was inhabited when the last ice age ended, approximately 9000 BCE. In 1809, Finland was incorporated into the Russian Empire as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant all adult citizens the right to vote. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, Finland declared itself independent. In 1918, the fledgling state was divided by civil war. After a brief attempt to establish a kingdom, the country became a republic. During World War II, the Soviet Union sought repeatedly to occupy Finland, with Finland losing parts, but retaining independence. Finland joined the European Union in 1995.

The president has the authority to issue decrees on orders, medals and titles. Of the orders, the Order of the Cross of Liberty is the most distinguished and awarded the most seldom. Its decorations are awarded only for military or national defence merits. The Finnish decorations are awarded twice a year, on June 4 on the Flag Day of the Finnish Defence Forces, and on the Independence day, December 6. In total, approximately 6,000 decorations are awarded a year.

Sources


Orders, decorations and medals of Finland, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Finland
Finland, Liverpool Medals, http://www.liverpoolmedals.com/Finland/
Finland, Medal Medaille, http://www.medal-medaille.com/finland-c-498_55.html
Finnmedals, http://www.finnmedals.net/Finnish-medal-bars-groups-and-lots/Finnish-medal-bars-groups-and-lots

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