Montenegro


Montenegro is a country in Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Albania and Croatia. Montenegro has an area of 5,333 square miles and a population of 640,000. Its capital city is Podgorica and the official language is Montenegrin. Montenegro is an independent and sovereign republic.

In the 14th and 15th centuries was the name Montenegro started being used for the country. Montenegro's de jure independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, following the Montenegrin–Ottoman War. In 1905, the country became a kingdom. After World War I, it became part of Yugoslavia. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro together established a federation known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was renamed State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003. On the basis of an independence referendum held in May 2006, Montenegro declared independence and the federation peacefully dissolved on June 3, 2006.

The Kingdom of Montenegro issued its own royal awards up until the monarchy's abolition in 1918. Today, the head of Montenegrin Royal House has continued to award dynastic honours and this practice is recognised by the Montenegrin State. The three dynastic Orders bestowed by the Royal House are the Order of Prince Danilo I, the Order of Saint Peter of Cetinje, and the Order of Petrović-Njegoš. The Government of Montenegro established a national honours system consisting of orders, decorations, and medals approximately a year after the independence of Montenegro. The President of Montenegro is the titular head and invests each honoree on the advice and approval of the Government of Montenegro.

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