Attributes

• country

  Russia
• date of institution

  1831
• remarks

  During early period (1831-1855) official stars were issued only as embroidered versions (although metal stars could have been obtained as private purchase insignia); Pannasch and Keibel were official suppliers of embroidered stars. These measured ca. 90-95mm. Production of metal stars (in silver and enamels) started in the second quarter of 19th Century, and included many makers, the best known during 1850s was Karl Schubert. Metal stars measure ca. 80-90mm, and can be also awarded "With Swords" for military merit; with "Crown" for exceptional merit; and those awarded to non-Christians feature Imperial eagle in the center. There are many versions of the stars in regard to size, appearance and quality of manufacture. Value of higher-end Russian Orders varies greatly; value depends on period and quality of manufacture, and the maker; as well as value of Russian currency and general economic situation in Russia.